On Initial Value Problems of Fractal Delay Equations

Abstract

In this paper, we give a brief summary of fractal calculus. Fractal functional differential equations are formulated as a framework that provides a mathematical model for the phe-nomena with fractal time and fractal structure. Fractal retarded, neutral, and renewal delay differential equations with constant coefficients are solved by the method of steps and us-ing Laplace transform. The graphs of solutions are given to show the details.(c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.