Histological Evaluation of the Debris Removal Efficiency of Activation of Sodium Hypochlorite Solution at Different Concentrations

Abstract

Background This study aims to histologically evaluate the efficiency of debris removal through activation of 2.5% and 5.25% NaOCI using laser, ultrasonic, and intracanal heating methods.Methods Sixty-four maxillary central incisor teeth were randomly divided into two groups according to the irrigation solution (n = 32); 2.5% NaOCI and 5.25% NaOCI. Subsequently, the samples were further divided into four subgroups according to the final irrigation activation technique (n = 8); SubgroupA: Er,Cs:YSGG laser, SubgroupB: Ultrasonic, Subgroup C: Intracanal heating, Subgroup D: no activation. Generalized Linear Models and Bonferroni tests were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05).Results The effect of NaOCI concentration was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the activation of NaOCI by laser exhibited a statistically significant difference compared to the ultrasonic and intracanal heating methods (p < 0.001).Conclusion The efficiency of root canal cleaning increases with higher NaOCI concentration. Activation of NaOCI also significantly enhances its effectiveness.