Voltammetric Behavior of Testosterone on Bismuth Film Electrode: Highly Sensitive Determination in Pharmaceuticals and Human Urine by Square-Wave Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry

Abstract

In this paper, an electrochemical application of bismuth-film electrode (BiFE) fabricated via ex-situ electrodeposition onto a glassy carbon electrode for testosterone determination was investigated in aqueous and aqueous/surfactant solutions. In cyclic voltammetry, the compound showed one irreversible and adsorption-controlled reduction peak. The BiFE revealed good linear response in the examined concentration range of 1 to 45 nmolL(-1) testosterone in Britton-Robinson buffer, pH 5.0 containing 3 mmolL(-1) cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The limit of detection was 0.3 nmolL(-1) (0.09 ng mL(-1)). Finally, the BiFE was satisfactorily applied for quantitation of testosterone in both pharmaceutical (oil-based ampoule) and biological (human urine) samples.