Effects of Fibrovascular Traction and Pooling of Tears on Corneal Topographic Changes Induced by Pterygium

Abstract

Aim To investigate the effects of fibrovascular traction and the pooling of tears at the pterygium apex on the corneal topographic changes induced by pterygium. Methods A total of 16 eyes of 14 cases with primary pterygium were included in the study. A computerized corneal topography system was used for corneal topography examinations. Baseline keratographs were taken two times at straight gaze. A repeat corneoscope photograph was immediately obtained in temporal gaze. Then the tears at the pterygium apex were dried with a cellulose sponge, and a new corneoscope photograph was immediately obtained without allowing one to blink. Corneal topographic maps ( numeric maps) were divided into 301 fields in 24 meridians. One colour was allocated to each field, representing its mean refractive power for all groups. In all eyes, keratometric astigmatism at the 3 mm central cornea and total mean corneal refractive power were found. Data were compared using paired-samples two-tailed t-tests. Results Keratometric astigmatism at the 3 mm central cornea was significantly reduced at the temporal gaze (3.10 +/- 2.34 D, t = 3.40, P = 0.027) and dried eyes (2.12 +/- 1.01 D, t = 4.74, P = 0.001) according to the first baseline measurement (4.31 +/- 1.91 D) of the total mean corneal refractive power was found to be 43.45 +/- 1.28 D (39.29-45.87) at the first baseline measurement. There was no change at the temporal gaze (43.54 +/- 1.06 D, P>0.05). However, the total corneal refractive power was significantly higher in dried eyes (44.26 +/- 0.93 D, t = 34.92, P<0.001). The steepest region of corneal topography was a superior quadrant, and the flattest area was a nasal quadrant at the baseline. At the temporal gaze, the cornea was significantly flatter in the superior and inferior sides of the pterygium meridian. After dried pooling of tears, topographic abnormalities returned, and the cornea became more uniform and symmetric. Conclusion We conclude that the pooling of tears at the pterygium apex plays an important role, but fibrovascular traction has no effect on the corneal topographical changes induced by pterygium.