Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Virtual Reality for Reducing Anxiety in Pediatric Endoscopy

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted virtual reality (VR) applications on preoperative anxiety levels and vital signs in children undergoing endoscopy. Methods: A randomized controlled trial design was employed, including a total of 80 children aged 8-17 years (40 in the intervention group and 40 in the control group). Children in the intervention group were exposed to VR applications featuring space and underwater themes, while the control group received standard procedures. Anxiety levels were assessed using the "State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC)", and vital signs were evaluated through measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, and SpO(2) . Results: VR applications significantly reduced anxiety scores in the intervention group (36.3 +/- 1.9), while no significant changes were observed in the control group (45.4 +/- 2.74) (p < 0.001). Regarding vital signs, more favorable outcomes were observed in the intervention group. Systolic blood pressure was measured as 89 +/- 6.7 mmHg in the intervention group and 96.5 +/- 10.5 mmHg in the control group (p < 0.001). Diastolic blood pressure was 60.8 +/- 4.7 mmHg in the intervention group and 63.8 +/- 6 mmHg in the control group (p < 0.05). Heart rate was recorded as 88.7 +/- 10.1 bpm in the intervention group and 94.5 +/- 14.8 bpm in the control group (p < 0.05). SpO(2) levels were 98 +/- 1 in the intervention group and 96.2 +/- 1.3 in the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: AI-assisted VR applications emerge as an effective non-pharmacological method for reducing preoperative anxiety and promoting physiological stability in children. This approach holds the potential to enhance pediatric experiences during invasive procedures such as endoscopy.