Morphometric Analysis and Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Reconstruction of the Long Bones of Femoral and Crural Regions in Van Cats

Abstract

Background: This study was conducted to determine the morphometric features and to make the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the images obtained by computed tomography (CT) of the main long bones (femur, tibia, fibula) in Van cats, and to reveal the biometric differences between these measurement values of both sexual dimorphism and homotypic variations. Materials and methods: A total of 16 adult Van cats, 8 male and 8 female, were used in the study. The pelvic limb long bones of the cats, which were anesthetized with the ketamine-xylazine combination, were scanned with a CT device and their images were obtained. These images were converted to a 3D structure by means of MIMICS 20.1 (The Materialise Group, Leuven, Belgium) software programme. Then, morphometric, volumetric, surface arae measurements of these bones were calculated and statistical analyses were performed. Results: In the analysis, it was observed that right greatest length (GL), left GL, right greatest length from caput ossis femoris (GLc), left greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd), right volume (V), and left V measurement values of the femur; left GL1, right greatest breadth of the proximal end (Bp), right Bd, left Bd, right smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD), right V, left V, and right surface area (SA) measurement values of the tibia; right V, left V, right SA, and left SA measurement values of the fibula were statistically significantly higher in male cats than in female cats (p < 0.05). The volume and surface area measurement values of the femur, tibia and fibula of male and female cats were determined as 8.57 +/- 1.33 cm(3) and 7.00 +/- 0.49 cm(3), 64.28 +/- 6.72 cm(2) and 59.42 +/- 4.72 cm(2); 7.56 +/- 1.28 cm(3) and 6.15 +/- 0.52 cm(3), 56.89 +/- 6.47 cm(2) and 52.72 +/- 3.15 cm(2); 1.10 +/- 0.17 cm(3) and 0.83 +/- 0.05 cm(3), 14.18 +/- 1.61 cm(2) and 11.95 +/- 0.48 cm(2), respectively. Conclusions: The statistical differences between the sexes in terms of the measurement parameters of the femur, tibia and fibula in adult Van cats were determined. We believe that these differences can be used in determining morphological variations of Van cats. In addition, it is thought that the data obtained from the present study would be beneficial to veterinary physicians in the clinical application areas in order to evaluate the pathological conditions related to these bones and to the studies in the field of zooarchaeology.