Virtual Reality Headset Versus Traditional Training in Orthopedic Surgery: a Comparative Study on Real Surgical Performance in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract

Is it possible for a low-volume surgeon to enhance their surgical skills without performing actual surgeries by utilizing virtual reality headsets and emerging technologies? It has been observed that the time spent by surgical assistants in the operating room decreased after the post-shift leave regulation. In the literature, the use of virtual reality simulations as a support tool in surgical training is recommended. Although the efficacy of virtual reality surgical simulations in surgeries such as arthroscopy and laparoscopy has been proven, there are limited studies on their effect in open surgeries. In this study, 20 orthopedic and traumatology residents with no experience in primary total knee arthroplasty were divided into 2 groups. One group was prepared for surgery using surgical simulation with virtual reality headsets, while the other group was prepared for surgery with traditional methods. The actual surgical performance of the participants was evaluated with the Objective Structured Scale of Technical Skills (OSATS) surgical skills scale. It was observed that the virtual reality group was more successful in the "Time and Motion" and "Surgical Functioning and Fluency" criteria. Virtual reality surgical simulations are useful tool in surgical training and can contribute to the development of surgeons' skills. However, more research is needed on how to integrate these simulations into training programs and in which areas they are most effective.