Genomic Analysis of Brucella Isolates From Animals and Humans, Türkiye, 2010 To 2020

Abstract

Background: Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonosis causing severe illness in humans and animals and leading to economic losses in the livestock production in T & uuml;rkiye and other endemic countries. Aim: We aimed at investigating genomic differences of Brucella isolates from animals and humans in T & uuml;rkiye. Methods: We used whole genome sequencing (WGS) to assess the genetic diversity of Brucella isolates from 41 provinces in T & uuml;rkiye and compared with isolates from other countries. We applied allele-based typing and core genome single nucleotide polymorphism (cgSNP) determination. Results: Of the 106 Turkish Brucella isolates included, 57 were B. abortus and 49 were B. melitensis. . One B. melitensis and two B. abortus isolates were identified as vaccine strains. Most (n = 55) B. abortus isolates clustered in three major branches, with no spatial discernible pattern. Of the B. melitensis isolates, , 48 were assigned to the Eastern Mediterranean lineage with no discernible patterns between host species, location and sampling date. The Turkish isolates clustered with isolates from neighbouring countries such as Greece and Syria, but some also with isolates from human patients in European countries, like Germany, Norway and Sweden, suggesting that the source may be travel- related. Conclusion: Several B. melitensis and B. abortus lineages are circulating in T & uuml;rkiye. To decrease the prevalence and prevent brucellosis in animals and humans, stricter control measures are needed, particularly in areas where humans and animals have close contact. Furthermore, illegal transportation of animals across borders should be more closely controlled and regulated.